- Precipitating factors of Heart Failure.

Precipitating factors of Heart Failure. 

There are multiple factors Precipitating Heart Failure in already diseased Heart.

"HEART FAILED"

- Contents of Posterior mediastinum.

Contents of Posterior mediastinum:

  "DATES"

•  Descending aorta
•  Azygos and hemiazygous veins
•  Thoracic duct
•  Esophagus
•  Sympathetic trunk/ganglia

- Captopril side effects.

Captopril side effects (an ACE inhibitor)

 "CAPTOPRIL"

• Cough
• Angioedema/ Agranulocystosis
• Proteinuria/ Potassium excess
• Taste changes
• Orthostatic hypotension
• Pregnancy contraindication/ Pancreatitis/ Pressure drop (first dose hypertension)
• Renal failure (and renal artery stenosis contraindication)/ Rash
• Indomethacin inhibition
• Leukopenia/ Liver toxicity

- Beck's triad of cardiac temponade.

Beck's triad of cardiac temponade:-

1. Decrease of systolic blood pressure.
2. Distended jugular vein.
3. Diminished heart sounds (quite heart).

- Parasites affecting Heart.

Parasites affecting Heart

"Heart Team" 

Heterophyes heterophyes (Eggs)

Taenia solium (cysticercosis), 
Trichinella spiralis (Trichina capsule),
Trypanosoma cruzi (Leishmanial form),
Toxoplasma gondii (true tissue cyst).

Echinococcus granulosus (Hydatid cyst).
Acanthocheilonema perstans (Adult worm in the pericardium).
Mansonella ozzardi (Adult worm in the pericardium).

or  Arabic students can use the word "Hatem"

Dr Ibrahim

-No in ASD.

No in Atrial septal defect.

• No murmur due to ASD itself but murmur of relative MS,PS.
• No ACEIs if HF occur but give diuretics and digitalis.
• No spontanous closure of ASD.
• No symptoms or signs in small ASD.

Dr Ibrahim

-Complications of Tetralogy of fallot.

Complications of Tetralogy of fallot collected in the word..

 "Inches" 

• Infective endocarditis,Low I.Q.
• Neurological (e.g Brain abscess,cerebrovascular accidents)
• Cyanotic spell,Clubbing.
• Hematological(e.g polycythemia,IDA,Thrombosis).
• Hyperuracemia and gout,Heart Failure (rare).
• Exercise intolerance.
• Squatting,Scoliosis,Stunted growth.

  Dr Ibrahim

- Painless myocardial infarction!

Causes of Painless myocardial infarction!

 "diet"

• Dyspnea,DM
• Impaired consciousness (e.g. coma or under anesthesia).
• Elderly.
• Transplanted heart.

Dr Ibrahim,,

- Emergency in mitral stenosis!

Emergency in mitral stenosis!

Mitral stenosis may came to ER with complications which need urgent interference..collected in the word "Chart"..

• Cardiac asthma (Acute pulmonary edema)
• Haemoptysis
• Atrial fibrillation.
• Rheumatic activity.
• Thromboembolic complications e.g stroke.

Dr Ibrahim,,