- Basics Of Echocardiography Part-1(series-2).

Basics Of Echocardiography Part-1

(series-2)

- Basics Of Echocardiography Part-2(series-1).

Basics Of Echocardiography Part-2

(series-1)

- Basics Of Echocardiography Part-1(series-1)

Basics Of Echocardiography Part-1

(series-1)

-Paramedic Intern quick Cardiac Examination.

Paramedic Intern quick Cardiac Examination.

Pro EMS Center for MEDICS, Cambridge, Massachusetts Paramedic Intern Smith performs a quick cardiac examination on her patient..

• Inspection.
• Palpation.
• Auscultation.

-causes of Inequality in the amplitude of the peripheral pulses.

Inequality in the amplitude of the peripheral pulses may result from:

1. Obstructive arterial diseases, most commonly atherosclerosis
2. Aortic dissection 
3. Aortic aneurysm
4. Takayasu disease
5. Coarctation of the aorta
6. Supravalvular aortic stenosis in which the right carotid, brachial, and radial pulses are larger in amplitude and volume than those on the left side because of the preferential streaming of the jet toward the innominate artery.

- Heart.

The human heart is a myogenic muscular organ,which pumps blood throughout the blood vessels by repeated, rhythmic contractions.

The heart is principally composed of cardiac muscle and connective tissue. Cardiac muscle is an involuntary striated muscle tissue found only in this organ and responsible for the ability of the heart to pump blood.

Heart rate:- is the number of heartbeats per unit of time, typically expressed as beats per minute (bpm). 

Heart Structure

The heart is made of four chambers, and blood flows through them in order:
 right atria>> right ventricle>> left atria>> left ventricle.

Between the right and left sides, though, the blood goes through the lungs to exchange carbon dioxide it collected in the body for oxygen it can carry to the body.

Blood enters the right atria from the venous system, and exits the left ventricle through the aorta into the arterial system.

Blood flows from the atrium to the ventricle during a heart beat based on the synchronous contraction of the heart muscle. Between each atrium and ventricle, there is a valve.

Valves are also found where the heart and aorta, and heart and pulmonary artery meet.

 Heart valves:

1. Tricuspid valve - separates the right atrium and ventricle.
2. Pulmonary valve - separates the right side of the heart from the pulmonary circulation.
3. Mitral valve - separates the left atrium and ventricle.
4. Aortic valve - separates the left side of the heart and the aorta.

The wall of the human heart is composed of three layers: (1,2)

1. The outer layer is called the epicardium, or visceral pericardium since it is also the inner wall of the pericardium.
2. The middle layer is called the myocardium and is composed of cardiac muscle which contracts.
3. The inner layer is called the endocardium and is in contact with the blood that the heart pumps.Also, it merges with the inner lining (endothelium) of blood vessels and covers heart valves.

*References:

1. Pratiyogita Darpan (April 2009). Competition Science Vision. Pratiyogita Darpan. pp. 55–. Retrieved 7 June 2012. 
2. "Heart". MedicaLook. Medicalook.com. Retrieved 2010-05-03

- Normal pulse rates according to age.

 Normal pulse rates at rest, in beats per minute (BPM):(1)

• newborn (0—3 months old)>> 100-150 BPM
• infants (3 — 6 months) >>  90–120 BPM
• infants (6 — 12 months) >> 80-120 BPM
• children (1 — 10 years) >> 70–130 BPM
• children over 10 years and adults, including seniors >> 60–100 BPM
• well-trained adult athletes >>   40–60 BPM

 

References:

 (1)U.S. Department of Health and Human Services - National Institutes of Health.

- How your heart works? Cardiac Cycle.

How your heart works?
Cardiac Cycle.

Have you heard your heart beat?

What is the sound like? Yes, it sounds like 'lubb-dubb', 'lubb-dubb'! 

This sound is produced when the heart produces a pressure when it beats.

Now, what causes the beating of the heart? The sequence of events that take place during a single heart beat is known as the Cardiac Cycle. It is not so simple. It is a complex process which involves a sequence of activities and that too within 0.8 sec.

- Heart Failure: Causes Treatments and Living Well.

Heart Failure: Causes Treatments and Living Well

Dana McGlothlin, MD, examines innovative strategies for coping with and treating heart failure.

- Cardiology.

Cardiology is a medical specialty dealing with disorders of the heart (specifically the human heart).

The field includes medical diagnosis and treatment of :

1. congenital heart defects
2. Disorders of the coronary circulation.
3. Disorders of the myocardium.
4. Disorders of the pericardium.
5. valvular heart disease.
6. Diseases of blood vessels (vascular diseases).
7. electrophysiology (electrical properties and conduction diseases of the heart). 

Physicians who specialize in this field of medicine are called cardiologists.